For decades, Indonesia exported raw materials while much of the economic value was created elsewhere. Today, the country is pursuing a different strategy: transforming natural resources into industrial ecosystems that strengthen long-term competitiveness and reshape its position in global supply chains.
Asia does not feed the world through sheer agricultural volume alone. Its real power lies in concentrated food flows — from rice and palm oil to aquaculture, coffee and spices — that global markets cannot easily replace.
A new U.S. sanctions proposal could place China’s largest banks under significant pressure, marking a shift from targeting Russia’s economy to targeting the financial networks supporting it. The development raises broader questions about energy, finance and the future architecture of the global financial system.
China’s rise challenges one of the most enduring assumptions of the modern era: that economic development inevitably follows a Western path. As China’s influence expands through infrastructure, technology and institutions, a deeper question is emerging. Can there be more than one path to modernity?
Why does Europe increasingly describe competition with China as unfair? The answer extends beyond tariffs, subsidies or trade disputes. At its core lies a deeper question: what happens when two fundamentally different economic systems compete within the same global marketplace?
Strategic Briefings help organisations understand the technological, economic and institutional forces shaping their environment. By connecting developments to broader systems and long-term trends, the briefings provide a foundation for informed dialogue, reflection and strategic understanding.
Why does China invest hundreds of billions in semiconductors, artificial intelligence, batteries and high-speed rail? The answer lies in how Beijing views economic development. Many technologies are not seen as commercial sectors alone, but as strategic infrastructure that underpins future national power.
China is often described as communist, capitalist or something in between. Yet modern China operates through a distinctive hybrid system in which markets drive growth and innovation while the state retains the authority to guide economic development and long-term national priorities.
China’s economic rise is often viewed through the lens of growth, technology and geopolitics. This series explores the institutional architecture behind that rise and examines how state coordination, industrial policy and strategic planning shape economic power in the twenty-first century.
Europe’s technology strategy is not about isolation. It is about resilience through partnership. As Europe builds its capabilities in semiconductors, cloud infrastructure and artificial intelligence, cooperation with India on talent, digital infrastructure and innovation could help shape the next era of global technology.
